Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Modulating autophagic flux via ROS-responsive targeted micelles to restore neuronal proteostasis in Alzheimer's disease

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Attenuation of Aβ burden and tau hyperphosphorylation in triple-transgenic mice by TT-NM/Rapa. (A) Quantification of the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ 1-40 and Aβ 1-42 in 3 × Tg-AD mice treated with various rapamycin preparations or saline by ELISA kits. ( n = 5). (B) Representative immunohistochemical images of amyloid plaque deposit in the brain of 3 × Tg-AD mice treated with various rapamycin preparations or saline. Aβ plaque was stained with anti -β-Amyloid1-42 antibody. (C) Western blot analysis of p-tau proteins in the brain of 3 × Tg-AD mice treated with various rapamycin preparations or saline. ( n = 3). (D) Representative immunohistochemical images of neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex of 3 × Tg-AD mice treated with various rapamycin preparations or saline. Neurofibrillary tangles were stained with anti -Phospho-tau (Ser202, Thr205) antibody. (A) and (C) Data were presented as mean ± SD. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, compared with AD group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, between the compared groups.

Article Snippet: Amyloid-β 1-40 Human ELISA Kit and Amyloid-β 1-42 Human ELISA Kit were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Saline, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: BMAL1 ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via AREG upregulation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-02019-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: BMAL1 knockdown aggravated Alzheimer-like pathology. A , B Western blots and quantitation analysis of the phosphorylation levels of tau at Ser396, Thr231, and Ser199 ( n = 4 per group). C , D Western blots and quantitation analysis of the expression levels of APP and BACE1 ( n = 4 per group). E , F Immunohistochemical for Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of mouse and quantitation analysis in four groups (Scale bars = 400 µm in low-magnification and scale bars = 100 µm in high-magnification image) ( n = 3 per group). G ELISA of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus ( n = 4 per group). Data were plotted as means ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s HSD test

Article Snippet: The levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were measured using ELISA kits (E-EL-M3009 and E-EL-M3010, Elabscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Knockdown, Western Blot, Quantitation Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: BMAL1 ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via AREG upregulation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-02019-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: BMAL1 overexpression extenuated Alzheimer-like pathology. A , B Western blots and quantitation analysis of the phosphorylation levels of tau at Ser396, Thr231, and Ser199 ( n = 4 per group). C , D Western blots and quantitation analysis of the expression levels of APP and BACE1 ( n = 4 per group). E , F Immunohistochemical for Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of mouse and quantitation analysis in four groups (Scale bars = 400 µm in low-magnification and scale bars = 100 µm in high-magnification image) ( n = 3 per group). G ELISA of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus ( n = 4 per group). Data were plotted as means ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s HSD test

Article Snippet: The levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were measured using ELISA kits (E-EL-M3009 and E-EL-M3010, Elabscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Over Expression, Western Blot, Quantitation Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: BMAL1 ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via AREG upregulation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-02019-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: BMAL1 overexpression-induced cognitive improvement depends on PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in db/db mice. A The experimental timeline. B , C The total distance traveled and average velocity was assessed in the open field test ( n = 8 per group). D , E The duration and frequency of exploring the novel object were assessed in the novel object recognition test ( n = 8 per group). F , G Acquisition errors and probe errors of the Barnes maze test were assessed for spatial learning ability ( n = 8 per group). H Representative track images of mice in the probe trial in the Barnes maze test. I Western blots of the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β in the hippocampus ( n = 3 per group). J Western blots of the phosphorylation levels of tau at Ser396, Thr231, and Ser199 sites in the hippocampus ( n = 3 per group). K Western blots of the expression levels of APP and BACE1 in the hippocampus ( n = 3 per group). L Immunohistochemical for Aβ plaques in the hippocampus in four groups (Scale bars = 400 µm in low-magnification and scale bars = 100 µm in high-magnification image) ( n = 3 per group). M ELISA of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus ( n = 4 per group). Data were plotted as means ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s HSD test

Article Snippet: The levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were measured using ELISA kits (E-EL-M3009 and E-EL-M3010, Elabscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Over Expression, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Inhibition of Amyloid-β (Aβ)-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in CHI3L1 Knockout Mice through Downregulation of ERK-PTX3 Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms25105550

Figure Lengend Snippet: CHI3L1 related to AD. Human serum analysis of Aβ 1–40 , Aβ 1–42 , Tau, and CHI3L1 in patients with AD and healthy controls using ELISA ( n = 25). The ( A ) serum levels and ( B ) ROC curves of Aβ 1–40 , Aβ 1–42 , Tau, and CHI3L1. ( C ) Spearman correlation test results between CHI3L1 and Aβ 1–40 , Aβ 1–42 , or Tau. Each value is mean ± S.E.M. from 25 samples. *, Significantly different from control group ( p < 0.05). ***, Significantly different from control group ( p < 0.001). n.s., not significant.

Article Snippet: Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 1–40 levels were determined using each specific mouse Aβ 1–42 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit and mouse Aβ 1–40 ELISA Kit purchased from CUSABIO (Houston, TX, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Translational Psychiatry

Article Title: Melatonin alleviates depression-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in mice by regulating the circadian rhythm of AQP4 polarization

doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02614-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic diagram of the behavioral experimental procedure. B , C The latency to the first immobility and the duration of total immobility in the tail suspension test (TST). D The total travel distance during the open field test (OFT). E The percentage of sucrose consumption during the sucrose preference test (SPT). Control, n = 10; CUMS, n = 11; Mel, n = 14. F Tracing of locomotion for representative animals during the arena test. G The latency to finding the hidden platform in the Morris Water Maze test during the 5-days training. H , I The latency to finding the platform area and the percentage time spent in the platform quadrant in the probe test. Each group, n = 15. J – V Measurement of glymphatic function and AQP4 polarization. J Diagram of CSF tracer injection via the cisterna magna. K Representative images of CSF tracers in the whole brain and coronal slices. Scale bar, 2 mm. L , M Analysis of fluorescent area in the brains for the anesthesia and awake states. Anesthesia, each group n = 8. Awake, Control, n = 6; CUMS, n = 7; Mel, n = 8. N Diagram of stereotactic injection of exogenous mixture of human Aβ40 and Aβ42. O , P The brain concentration of exogenous human Aβ40 and Aβ42 measured by ELISA. Each group n = 7. Q Representative images of AQP4, DAPI, and GFAP immunostaining. T Representative images of AQP4 and CD31 immunostaining. Scale bars, 50 μm and 25 μm. R Quantitation of GFAP fluorescent intensity. S Quantitation of AQP4 polarization to Q . AQP4 polarization = donut-shaped area AQP4 / global AQP4. U Quantitation of AQP4 polarization to T . AQP4 polarization = vessel AQP4 (peak of the vertical line) / global AQP4. Collect 3–5 vessels from each of 6 mice ( R , S and U ). V Model of AQP4 fluorescence intensity plot along the yellow dotted line in ( T ). Signal within the vessels is the baseline intensity of AQP4. * #<0.05, ** ##<0.01, *** ###<0.001.

Article Snippet: For the Aβ analysis, tissues were first homogenized in 1 ml/g PBS and then assayed using human ELISA kits for Aβ40 (CSB-E08299h, Cusabio, China) and Aβ42 (CSB-E10684h, Cusabio, China).

Techniques: Suspension, Control, Injection, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunostaining, Quantitation Assay, Fluorescence